Computer Networks in Packet Tracer for advanced users - ebook
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Computer Networks in Packet Tracer for advanced users - ebook
The book: Computer networks in packet tracer for advanced users is a collection of scenarios and network simulations for users who already have at least basic knowledge of computer networks and experience in the work associated with the administration of basic devices, as well as management of network architecture. The simulations were prepared in such a way as to develop the knowledge already presented in the previous books of Our Publishing House by Jerzy Kluczewski. The second goal, is to popularize the world-famous Packet Tracer program. This book is an excellent resource for students, undergraduates, and participants and graduates of CISCO CCNA networking courses. The themes of the book are very extensive and varied. Multiuser mode visualization, Bluetooth connections, cellular networks, WLAN controllers, industrial routers, IPV6 protocol, are just a few selected issues for which the author has prepared scenarios and ready-made simulation files that can be downloaded from the publisher's website. We encourage you to open the book and browse the table of contents for a broad overview of this book. The author of the publication is Jerzy Kluczewski, a long-time CISCO CCNA Academy instructor. He already has an extensive body of work in the form of published books on information technology. He gained his experience working in industry, and is currently a lecturer at the Gdansk School of Banking. Translation: Agata Skutela an experienced English teacher in Complex of Technical and General Schools in Tarnowskie Góry. Apart from English language she has also been teaching technical English. She is really into teaching and eager to expand her knowledge and workshop to be able to teach the best as she can.
| Kategoria: | Computer Technology |
| Język: | Angielski |
| Zabezpieczenie: |
Watermark
|
| ISBN: | 978-83-65645-89-0 |
| Rozmiar pliku: | 23 MB |
FRAGMENT KSIĄŻKI
13.1 FHRP – Type Protocols
What are FHRP protocols ( First Hope Redundancy Protocols )? FHRP protocols are special techniques that provide redundant default gateways for end devices, without the necessary additional end-user configuration. Using FHRP, two or more routers can share the same virtual IP address and MAC address and can act as a single virtual router. Hosts on the network are configured with the shared IP address as the default gateway. An example is the Cisco Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP). What is Cisco HSRP?
Cisco HSRP (Hot Standby Router Protocol) is a redundant protocol for establishing a fault-tolerant default gateway.
Table 13.1 HSRP versions
13.2 HSRP Configuration (Exercise 35).
In this exercise, we will demonstrate the idea of HSRP on routers R-AUSTIN and R-BOSTON, which serve as default gateways for hosts PC-CALIFORNIA and PC-DALLAS.
Required equipment:
PC-PT – 2 pts
Switch 2950-24TT – 2 pts
Router 1841 – 3 pts
Table 13.2 Network addressing (Austin, California, Boston, Dallas)
Figure 13.1 Network topology
Step 1. Make and configure the network according to the given assumptions. Step 2. Configure RIPV1 dynamic routing correctly .
Step 3. Test the packet path from PC-CALIFORNIA to PC-DALLAS.
Figure 13.2 The path of the package goes through R-AUSTIN and R-DALLAS. Step 4. Simulate Fa0/0 interface failure in R-AUSTIN
Figure 13.3 Network topology with Fa0/0 interface failure in R-AUSTIN Step 5. Test the packet path from PC-CALIFORNIA to PC-DALLAS.
Figure 13.4 The result of the tracert command
NOTE: The default gateway in PC-CALIFORNIA is 1.1.1.2, but it has crashed, although a route through the R-BOSTON router is possible.
Step 6. Prepare the HSRP protocol configuration on R-AUSTIN. In the R-AUSTIN router, run the commands:
en
conf t
int fa0/0
standby 1 ip 1.1.1.7
standby 1 priority 110
standby 1 preempt
end
Step 7. Prepare the HSRP protocol configuration on R-BOSTON . In the R-BOSTON router, run the commands:
en
conf t
int fa0/0
standby 1 ip 1.1.1.7
standby 1 preempt
end
Figure 13.5 Messages after executing commands on the R-BOSTON router Step 8. Modify the IP protocol configuration on PC- CALIFORNIA. Set in PC- CALIFORNIA, Default gateway = 1.1.1.7
Figure 13.6 Changing the address of the default gateway in PC- CALIFORNIA Step 9. Checking the packet route from PC-CALIFORNIA to PC-DALLAS before a failure.
Figure 13.7 The path of the package goes through R-AUSTIN and R-DALLAS. Step 10. Checking the route of the packet from PC-CALIFORNIA to PC-DALLAS after simulating a failure at the Fa0/0 interface in R-AUSTIN.
Figure 13.8 The path of the package goes through R-BOSTON and R-DALLAS. Observation: Address 1.1.1.7 is the so-called default virtual gateway.
Figure 13.9 Route in case of R-AUSTIN failure
Figure 13.10 Route in case of failure R-BOSTON
13.3 HSRP Configuration (Exercise 36)
In the second example, we will demonstrate HSRP configuration on routers RTR1 and RTR3, which serve as default gateways for hosts on LAN-A and LAN-B. When configuring the HSRP protocol, a virtual gateway will be created that uses the same default gateway address for hosts on both LANs
Figure 13.11 Network topology
If one gateway router becomes unavailable, the other router will take over using the same default gateway address that was used by the first router. Since the hosts on the LANs are configured with the virtual gateway's IP address as the default gateway, the hosts will regain connectivity to the remote networks once the remaining router is activated by HSRP.
Required equipment:
Server-PT – 1 pts
PC-PT – 2 pts
Switch 2960-24TT – 2 pts
Router 2911 –3 pts
Table 13.3 Network addressing (RTR1, RTR2, RTR3, SW1, SW2)
Table 13.4 Routing configuration parameters for RTR1
Table 13.5 Routing configuration parameters for RTR2
Step 1. In RTR2, make default-information originate
Table 13.6 Routing configuration parameters for RTR3
Step 2. Make and configure the network according to the given assumptions. Step 3. Check the path of the package from PCA to SVR
Figure 13.12 The path of the packet from PCA to SVR
Step 4. Check the path of the package from the PCB to the SVR Step 5. Configure HSRP on the LAN interface G0/1 RTR1.
enable
conf t
interface Gi0/1
standby version 2
Step 6. Configure the IP address of the virtual default gateway. Comments:
This address must be configured on all hosts that require default gateway services. It replaces the physical address of the router interface that was previously configured on the hosts.
Multiple HSRP instances can be configured on a router. You must specify an HSRP group number to identify the virtual interface between routers in the HSRP group. This number must be consistent between the routers in the group. The group number for this configuration is 1.
standby 1 ip 192.168.1.254
Step 7. Designate an active router for the HSRP group .
Comments:
This is the router that will be used as the gateway device unless it fails or the path to it becomes inactive or unusable. Specify the router's interface priority. The default value is
100. A higher value will determine which router is the active router. If the priorities of the routers in the HSRP group are the same, the router with the highest configured IP address will become the active router.
standby 1 priority 150
Comments:
RTR1 will act as the active router, and traffic from the two LANs will use it as the default gateway.
Step 8. If it is desirable for the active router to resume this role when it becomes available again, configure it with the preempt option. The active router will take over the role of the gateway when it is operational again.
standby 1 preempt
Step 9. Configure RTR3 as a standby router (Configure RTR3 interface connected to LAN-B).
standby version 2
standby 1 ip 192.168.1.254
Step 10. Check the HSRP configuration in RTR1.
show standby
Step 11. Check the HSRP configuration in RTR3.
show standby
Step 12. Check the summary of HSRP statuses in RTR1.
show standby brief
Step 13. Check the summary of HSRP statuses in RTR3.
show standby brief
13.4 List of auxiliary files
exercise35-hsrp.pkt
exercise36-hsrp.pkt
What are FHRP protocols ( First Hope Redundancy Protocols )? FHRP protocols are special techniques that provide redundant default gateways for end devices, without the necessary additional end-user configuration. Using FHRP, two or more routers can share the same virtual IP address and MAC address and can act as a single virtual router. Hosts on the network are configured with the shared IP address as the default gateway. An example is the Cisco Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP). What is Cisco HSRP?
Cisco HSRP (Hot Standby Router Protocol) is a redundant protocol for establishing a fault-tolerant default gateway.
Table 13.1 HSRP versions
13.2 HSRP Configuration (Exercise 35).
In this exercise, we will demonstrate the idea of HSRP on routers R-AUSTIN and R-BOSTON, which serve as default gateways for hosts PC-CALIFORNIA and PC-DALLAS.
Required equipment:
PC-PT – 2 pts
Switch 2950-24TT – 2 pts
Router 1841 – 3 pts
Table 13.2 Network addressing (Austin, California, Boston, Dallas)
Figure 13.1 Network topology
Step 1. Make and configure the network according to the given assumptions. Step 2. Configure RIPV1 dynamic routing correctly .
Step 3. Test the packet path from PC-CALIFORNIA to PC-DALLAS.
Figure 13.2 The path of the package goes through R-AUSTIN and R-DALLAS. Step 4. Simulate Fa0/0 interface failure in R-AUSTIN
Figure 13.3 Network topology with Fa0/0 interface failure in R-AUSTIN Step 5. Test the packet path from PC-CALIFORNIA to PC-DALLAS.
Figure 13.4 The result of the tracert command
NOTE: The default gateway in PC-CALIFORNIA is 1.1.1.2, but it has crashed, although a route through the R-BOSTON router is possible.
Step 6. Prepare the HSRP protocol configuration on R-AUSTIN. In the R-AUSTIN router, run the commands:
en
conf t
int fa0/0
standby 1 ip 1.1.1.7
standby 1 priority 110
standby 1 preempt
end
Step 7. Prepare the HSRP protocol configuration on R-BOSTON . In the R-BOSTON router, run the commands:
en
conf t
int fa0/0
standby 1 ip 1.1.1.7
standby 1 preempt
end
Figure 13.5 Messages after executing commands on the R-BOSTON router Step 8. Modify the IP protocol configuration on PC- CALIFORNIA. Set in PC- CALIFORNIA, Default gateway = 1.1.1.7
Figure 13.6 Changing the address of the default gateway in PC- CALIFORNIA Step 9. Checking the packet route from PC-CALIFORNIA to PC-DALLAS before a failure.
Figure 13.7 The path of the package goes through R-AUSTIN and R-DALLAS. Step 10. Checking the route of the packet from PC-CALIFORNIA to PC-DALLAS after simulating a failure at the Fa0/0 interface in R-AUSTIN.
Figure 13.8 The path of the package goes through R-BOSTON and R-DALLAS. Observation: Address 1.1.1.7 is the so-called default virtual gateway.
Figure 13.9 Route in case of R-AUSTIN failure
Figure 13.10 Route in case of failure R-BOSTON
13.3 HSRP Configuration (Exercise 36)
In the second example, we will demonstrate HSRP configuration on routers RTR1 and RTR3, which serve as default gateways for hosts on LAN-A and LAN-B. When configuring the HSRP protocol, a virtual gateway will be created that uses the same default gateway address for hosts on both LANs
Figure 13.11 Network topology
If one gateway router becomes unavailable, the other router will take over using the same default gateway address that was used by the first router. Since the hosts on the LANs are configured with the virtual gateway's IP address as the default gateway, the hosts will regain connectivity to the remote networks once the remaining router is activated by HSRP.
Required equipment:
Server-PT – 1 pts
PC-PT – 2 pts
Switch 2960-24TT – 2 pts
Router 2911 –3 pts
Table 13.3 Network addressing (RTR1, RTR2, RTR3, SW1, SW2)
Table 13.4 Routing configuration parameters for RTR1
Table 13.5 Routing configuration parameters for RTR2
Step 1. In RTR2, make default-information originate
Table 13.6 Routing configuration parameters for RTR3
Step 2. Make and configure the network according to the given assumptions. Step 3. Check the path of the package from PCA to SVR
Figure 13.12 The path of the packet from PCA to SVR
Step 4. Check the path of the package from the PCB to the SVR Step 5. Configure HSRP on the LAN interface G0/1 RTR1.
enable
conf t
interface Gi0/1
standby version 2
Step 6. Configure the IP address of the virtual default gateway. Comments:
This address must be configured on all hosts that require default gateway services. It replaces the physical address of the router interface that was previously configured on the hosts.
Multiple HSRP instances can be configured on a router. You must specify an HSRP group number to identify the virtual interface between routers in the HSRP group. This number must be consistent between the routers in the group. The group number for this configuration is 1.
standby 1 ip 192.168.1.254
Step 7. Designate an active router for the HSRP group .
Comments:
This is the router that will be used as the gateway device unless it fails or the path to it becomes inactive or unusable. Specify the router's interface priority. The default value is
100. A higher value will determine which router is the active router. If the priorities of the routers in the HSRP group are the same, the router with the highest configured IP address will become the active router.
standby 1 priority 150
Comments:
RTR1 will act as the active router, and traffic from the two LANs will use it as the default gateway.
Step 8. If it is desirable for the active router to resume this role when it becomes available again, configure it with the preempt option. The active router will take over the role of the gateway when it is operational again.
standby 1 preempt
Step 9. Configure RTR3 as a standby router (Configure RTR3 interface connected to LAN-B).
standby version 2
standby 1 ip 192.168.1.254
Step 10. Check the HSRP configuration in RTR1.
show standby
Step 11. Check the HSRP configuration in RTR3.
show standby
Step 12. Check the summary of HSRP statuses in RTR1.
show standby brief
Step 13. Check the summary of HSRP statuses in RTR3.
show standby brief
13.4 List of auxiliary files
exercise35-hsrp.pkt
exercise36-hsrp.pkt
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