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Kings & Warriors from Hawaii - ebook
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Data wydania:
24 maja 2019
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Kings & Warriors from Hawaii - ebook
Describes the life and practises of the natives of Hawaii during the time of discovery.
| Kategoria: | History |
| Język: | Angielski |
| Zabezpieczenie: |
Watermark
|
| ISBN: | 978-90-78900-10-8 |
| Rozmiar pliku: | 9,9 MB |
FRAGMENT KSIĄŻKI
Introduction
Cook’s third and last trip was also intended to bring the interpreter Omai back to his homeland Tahiti. Omai had embarked on Cook’s second voyage and was celebrated as the first Pacific Islander to visit England where he arrived in 1774. It had apparently been forgotten that the English seafarer William Dampier had brought the heavily tattooed Filipino slave ‘Prince’ Giolo to London almost a century earlier. Giolo had been sold and treated as a curiosity, but Omai was accorded the utmost respect. Renowned for his charm, quick wit and exotic good looks, he quickly became a favourite of the aristocratic elite.
After disembarking Omai, Cook sailed on and landed at Hawaii. Also on board was the English artist John Webber (1751-1793). Webber and later also the French artist and adventurer Jacques Arago (1790-1855) made beautiful portraits of the inhabitants and customs of Hawaii.
At the time of Cook’s arrival the different islands were ruled by noble families. The elite had a firm grip on power, and Cook and his companions witnessed many executions for minor transgressions.
In the winter of 1778, James Cook landed on Hawaii’s northern island of Kauai. The discovery of the Hawaiian Islands was one of his greatest achievements, but it was also his last, because his meeting with the inhabitants proved fatal. Initially he was warmly welcomed and even worshipped as a god, but when he returned after setting off for his next destination to reclaim a stolen boat, the Hawaiians murdered him.
kings & warriors from hawaii
designs from the pacific
Between the islands, but also on the islands themselves, there was a constant struggle for power. It was Kamehameha the First (1758-1819), the Great King, who in the years after Cook’s visit managed to unite all the islands and thus founded the kingdom of Hawaii. After first taking power on the large island of Hawaii, in 1795, he brought a decisive blow to his opponents on the island of Oahu thanks to the muskets and guns of the Europeans.
The guardian god of Kamehameha was Kūkaʻilimoku or Kū, a scary-looking feathered idol, and at one time humans were sacrificed to him. Kū is the war god and one of the four most major gods. The other three are Kane, the god of life, Kanaloa, the god of the underworld; and Lono, god of fertility. There is a rare drawing by John Webber on which men with mysterious makini masks carry a statue of Kū in a canoe.
Kamehameha was a much-loved king and when he died men tattooed his name and his death date on their arms as a sign of mourning. Mourning tattoos were not uncommon in Hawaii. Men scratched the names of their
deceased wives into their chest. Mourning women were tattooed on the tongue, and the pain associated with the procedure was seen as an expression of their sorrow. Cook was unimpressed by the Hawaiians’ body decorations. They were few and far between and poorly executed. Forty years later, the Frenchman Arago reported a completely different situation: almost everyone was tattooed. Now it was fashionable for women to decorate their bodies with representations of European animals and objects such as goats, birds, muskets, cannon, helmets and hunting horns. Without such a tattoo, one did not belong, and Arago wrote that girls begged him to tattoo them with images of European objects.
The tattoos had no clear significance besides those of the king’s officers. These elite warriors wore a helmet and cloak that once belonged to their ancestors and protected them in battle. The remaining areas of their bodies were protected by magical tattoos; chequered patterns (pahupahu) on their chest, or parallel rows of connected triangles and spearheads down the legs.
Cook’s third and last trip was also intended to bring the interpreter Omai back to his homeland Tahiti. Omai had embarked on Cook’s second voyage and was celebrated as the first Pacific Islander to visit England where he arrived in 1774. It had apparently been forgotten that the English seafarer William Dampier had brought the heavily tattooed Filipino slave ‘Prince’ Giolo to London almost a century earlier. Giolo had been sold and treated as a curiosity, but Omai was accorded the utmost respect. Renowned for his charm, quick wit and exotic good looks, he quickly became a favourite of the aristocratic elite.
After disembarking Omai, Cook sailed on and landed at Hawaii. Also on board was the English artist John Webber (1751-1793). Webber and later also the French artist and adventurer Jacques Arago (1790-1855) made beautiful portraits of the inhabitants and customs of Hawaii.
At the time of Cook’s arrival the different islands were ruled by noble families. The elite had a firm grip on power, and Cook and his companions witnessed many executions for minor transgressions.
In the winter of 1778, James Cook landed on Hawaii’s northern island of Kauai. The discovery of the Hawaiian Islands was one of his greatest achievements, but it was also his last, because his meeting with the inhabitants proved fatal. Initially he was warmly welcomed and even worshipped as a god, but when he returned after setting off for his next destination to reclaim a stolen boat, the Hawaiians murdered him.
kings & warriors from hawaii
designs from the pacific
Between the islands, but also on the islands themselves, there was a constant struggle for power. It was Kamehameha the First (1758-1819), the Great King, who in the years after Cook’s visit managed to unite all the islands and thus founded the kingdom of Hawaii. After first taking power on the large island of Hawaii, in 1795, he brought a decisive blow to his opponents on the island of Oahu thanks to the muskets and guns of the Europeans.
The guardian god of Kamehameha was Kūkaʻilimoku or Kū, a scary-looking feathered idol, and at one time humans were sacrificed to him. Kū is the war god and one of the four most major gods. The other three are Kane, the god of life, Kanaloa, the god of the underworld; and Lono, god of fertility. There is a rare drawing by John Webber on which men with mysterious makini masks carry a statue of Kū in a canoe.
Kamehameha was a much-loved king and when he died men tattooed his name and his death date on their arms as a sign of mourning. Mourning tattoos were not uncommon in Hawaii. Men scratched the names of their
deceased wives into their chest. Mourning women were tattooed on the tongue, and the pain associated with the procedure was seen as an expression of their sorrow. Cook was unimpressed by the Hawaiians’ body decorations. They were few and far between and poorly executed. Forty years later, the Frenchman Arago reported a completely different situation: almost everyone was tattooed. Now it was fashionable for women to decorate their bodies with representations of European animals and objects such as goats, birds, muskets, cannon, helmets and hunting horns. Without such a tattoo, one did not belong, and Arago wrote that girls begged him to tattoo them with images of European objects.
The tattoos had no clear significance besides those of the king’s officers. These elite warriors wore a helmet and cloak that once belonged to their ancestors and protected them in battle. The remaining areas of their bodies were protected by magical tattoos; chequered patterns (pahupahu) on their chest, or parallel rows of connected triangles and spearheads down the legs.
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