Mike Hassell

Monetarism emerged in the 1960s under the leadership of Milton Friedman, who received the Nobel Prize in 1976. Friedman taught at the University of Chicago...

Karl Marx wrote Das Kapital during the late industrial revolution, as Europe underwent a wrenching transformation from an agricultural to an industrial...

Some thirty to forty percent of Africans practice traditional religions, many of which survived transportation into the West with the slave trade by...

Buddhism began with Gotama the Buddha in the sixth century BCE and has developed two chief forms. Theravada (or Hinayana) is found especially in Sri Lanka,...

In 1859, Charles Darwin published a vastly important work: On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection. For centuries, man had been seen as a...

Drugs and alcohol involve personal habits that have significant social consequences. Some have said that we are a society of drinkers and pill takers; much...

For most of human history, killing animals presented few moral problems; they seemed made for our use. But the rapid growth and increasing dominance of human...

The beginning and ending of life are deeply controversial moral topics with enormous stakes. Most people agree that it is wrong to kill humansbut are...

Only a few hundred years ago there emerged the ideal of inalienable rights to life, liberty, property, free speech, freedom of conscience and religion, etc....

Most people think it's wrong to lie, but sometimes telling the truth seems more hurtful than lying. Secrecy protects the truth and maintains our privacy, but...

The story of the cosmosits beginning and its changes through timehas been a topic of much speculation and myth. It also has attracted intense attention from...

In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, scientists went beyond Aristotle's four elements (Earth, Wind, Fire, and Water) to catalog nature's many basic...

We think of science as a way of discovering certainty in an unpredictable world; experiments are designed to objectivity measure cause and effect. Yet...

Newtonian physics described a regular, clocklike world of forces and reaction; randomness was equated with incomplete knowledge. But scientists in the late...

Carl Menger (18401921), and Eugen von Bohm-Bawerk (18511914), working in Vienna in the late nineteenth century, rejected the classical and Marxian ideas that...

Alfred Marshall (18421924), a British economics professor at Oxford University, developed economics into a more rigorous, professional discipline than ever...

John Dewey was America's most influential philosopher. Dewey's views are known as "pragmatism," which emphasizes action and results. He believed that...

Friedrich Hegel developed a profound and influential synthesis of all prior knowledge. He aimed to make philosophy an all-comprehensive science that would...

Near the end of the nineteenth century, Friedrich Nietzsche boldly announced that God is dead. There are no absolute truths, he said; the only reality is...